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Magnitude-6.0 earthquake near Yukon-Alaska border

WHITEHORSE — A magnitude-6.0 earthquake rattled parts of Yukon early Thursday morning.

The earthquake was recorded just before 5 a.m. along the Yukon-Alaska border. The U.S. Geological Survey placed the epicentre on the Alaska side of the border about 300 kilometres west of Whitehorse.

An earthquake report on Natural Resources Canada’s website said the quake was felt in Whitehorse and surrounding areas.

The quake was enough to wake up Hardy Ruf, whose home near Haines Junction, Yukon, is about 200 kilometres east of the epicentre.

“We woke up and the house was shaking and the lamp was swinging from one side to another above our heads,” said Ruf, 60, who runs the Dalton Trail Lodge.

Ruf said he didn’t notice any damage.

Earthquakes are not unusual in the region. Ruf said he feels about one or two a year.

“I’d say this was about average,” he said. “We’re kind of used to it.”

Darren Moorhouse, 46, was asleep in his home north of Whitehorse when the shaking began.

“I was dreaming about some weird thing with noises and stuff in it, and I woke up and the dream continued on and it was my place shaking,” said Moorhouse.

“You just lie there and wait for it to run its course hoping nothing worse happens.”

The U.S. Geological Survey’s website said there were more than a dozen smaller quakes after the initial one.

Source: http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/magnitude-6-0-earthquake-near-yukon-alaska-border-1.1918408

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Preparing for the Big One never ends

Preparing for the Big One never ends

If there were a catastrophic earthquake this week, is B.C. prepared for it? The question was put point-blank to the director of Emergency Management B.C. on Wednesday during a committee meeting, and the answer was: “No, we are not.”

And with full candour, Pat Quealey’s more extensive reply was that B.C. will never be fully prepared. The catastrophic damage from an offthe-charts quake would overwhelm any jurisdiction that sustains it. That premise is proven every time one strikes.

The concept of preparing for the Big One is a never-ending road, and you never get to the destination where readiness can be declared.

Quealey, who has been on the job as an assistant deputy minister for four months, told MLAs that preparing for catastrophe is ongoing. “There will never be that end state of preparedness where I will be able to answer your questions and say: ‘Yes, we are.’ “The idea is to continue planning and modelling for resiliency, so that when a portion of the province is overwhelmed by catastrophe, the systems can be adaptive and bounce back.

“Next year, I will not categorically tell you that we are prepared, but I will say that we will be better prepared than we are today,” said Quealey.

His appearance stemmed from the auditor general’s report on earthquake readiness last

March that condemned the state of preparation. A similar audit 17 years earlier produced dozens of recommendations, but not much came of any of them. Despite reassuring news releases over the years, the audit found B.C. is not ready for a big quake and its lack of preparedness has not been publicly disclosed. Emergency Management B.C. has so many other responsibilities that it runs earthquake readiness “off the side of the desk,” with a $6-million budget that has remained unchanged for several years.

What they are supposed to be planning for is the kind of earthquake that flattens buildings, alters river courses and topography and results in high numbers of casualties and evacuees. Responsibility for dealing with the aftermath response follows a hierarchy.

If individuals are overwhelmed, local governments are expected to respond. If they are overwhelmed, the province is legislated to act, and if the province needs help, it asks the federal government or other jurisdictions for aid.

But the audit found B.C.’s preparation for the role it legally has to play is inadequate. The analyses of risk and hazard are out of date. The plans don’t detail everything that has to happen. There’s little integration of planning, and the training exercises and public education programs are inadequate.

Most of the deficiencies were noted by EMBC itself, after a 7.7 earthquake off Haida Gwaii in October 2012.

Wednesday’s session was the first chance for Opposition MLAs to go over the report in detail, and the budgeting caught some attention.

NDP MLA David Eby said government priorities can be ranked by the money allocated.

By that measure, B.C. spent twice as much on the Bollywood awards show and $14 million on advertising the jobs plan. He noted the $6 million for earthquake readiness is the same amount as a different agenda item that occupied the committee earlier – the legal bills, covered by taxpayers, of the two corrupt aides who pleaded guilty in the B.C. Rail case.

Quealey came armed with a strategic plan to show MLAs. It was completed in the months following release of the audit findings. It’s been posted on the EMBC website and preparation for a catastrophic seismic event is listed as a priority. (There are actually 57 specific relevant potential hazards in B.C.) Just So You Know: The audit compared preparedness with Washington, Oregon and California and came to an interesting conclusion – they spend much more money there, but don’t believe they are prepared, either.

Direct comparisons are different because the structure of governments are different. But all the U.S. agencies that have roles are well-funded, yet they recently self-assessed themselves as not being prepared. When it comes to preparing readiness, the audit official said: “What B.C. should be doing is meeting its own expectations.”

Source: http://www.avtimes.net/preparing-for-the-big-one-never-ends-1.1195505

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Alaska hit with 8.0 magnitude earthquake; no tsunami threat for coastal B.C.

Alaska hit with 8.0 magnitude earthquake; no tsunami threat for coastal B.C.

An 8.0 earthquake off the Aleutian Islands triggered a tsunami warning for parts of Alaska this afternoon

The U.S.’s National Weather Service initially issued a warning for coastal areas of Alaska from Nikolski to Attu— but it’s has since been downgraded to a tsunami advisory.

The B.C. coast is outside of the tsunami advisory area.

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center says the earthquake is too deep, 114 kilometres down, to pose a tsunami threat along the Pacific Coast areas of Canada and U.S.

Dr. Brent Ward, earth scientist at Simon Fraser University, says it sounds like the earthquake occurred in the subduction plate — as opposed to along the subduction zone — which means there wouldn’t have been much seafloor movement.

“You need the seafloor movement to generate a tsunami,” Ward said. “When you move the seafloor — punching up from the bottom — it displaces the water and that’s what generates the wave.”

Still, an 8.0 quake is a very significant event, said Ward.

“Anything over 8.0 we call a great earthquake and we only get about 15 or so of those a year of that magnitude around the world” — Brent Ward, SFU

There have been no immediate reports of damage, but Natasha Ruppert, a seismologist with the Alaska Earthquake Center, told the Associated Press that the communities that would have suffered damage are also under tsunami warnings, so people may not have been able to get out and check for damage yet.

From the AP story: “The National Tsunami Warning Center in Palmer, Alaska, issued a tsunami warning for coastal areas between Nikolski to Attu, on the Aleutian Islands. A warning means significant inundation is possible or occurring. Residents are being warned to move inland toward higher ground.
A tsunami advisory was also issued for coastal areas stretching from Nikolski to Unimak Pass. An advisory means strong currents or dangerous waves are expected, but widespread inundation isn’t likely.”

CNN is reporting that the town of Adak evacuated its 150 residents to a shelter about 600 feet above sea level.

Google has a live epicenter map of the quake that was centred 24 kilometres southeast of Little Sitkin Island, Alaska.

Source: http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2014/06/23/alaska-hit-with-8-0-magnitude-earthquake/

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B.C.’s slow earthquakes fuelled by fluid

If you live in Victoria or Nanaimo in B.C., you experience the equivalent of a magnitude-7 earthquake every 14 months – it just happens so slowly that you don’t notice it.

Now, scientists at the University of Ottawa and the University of California, Berkeley, have figured out what makes bizarre “slow earthquakes” recur so regularly and why some happen more frequently than others. They published their findings online Wednesday in the journal Nature.

Slow earthquakes are a strange phenomenon discovered only a dozen years ago, said Pascal Audet, lead author of the new study.

The first one was found on Vancouver Island.

“Victoria is right at the epicentre of these things,” Audet said.

Like the sudden, violent earthquakes we are familiar with, they are caused by two tectonic plates on the surface of the earth sliding against each other at a boundary called a fault.

Regular earthquakes happen at seemingly random intervals, last just seconds to minutes and produce seismic waves that move through the Earth.

hi-seismograph-cp1456684
A regular earthquake registers on a seismograph. Slow earthquakes are detectable, but look like background “noise.” (Associated Press)

Slow earthquakes, on the other hand, recur regularly – every 14 months in the case of the slow earthquakes on Vancouver Island.

“These slow earthquakes typically last for several days – 10 days to two weeks,” said Audet, an assistant professor in the Earth Sciences department at the University of Ottawa.

In that time, the tectonics plates can slide as much as they do in a big, regular earthquake. For example, the slow earthquake on Vancouver Island produces a movement equivalent to a magnitude-7 regular earthquake, Audet said. That’s bigger than the magnitude-6.6 quake that hit Port Alice, B.C. in April and similar to the Mexican earthquake a few days earlier that knocked down walls and was felt across six states.

The first slow earthquake ever discovered was detected on Vancouver Island from seismometer and GPS measurements along part of the Cascadia subduction zone that runs from B.C. to California. Subduction zones are faults where a plate on the bottom of the ocean is sliding down under the plate of a continent. More recently, other slow earthquakes have been found around the Pacific Ocean in other subduction zones.

All around Pacific

But they all happen at different intervals – for example, one in Japan happens every six months and some slow earthquakes happen as infrequently as every two years.

Audet wanted to know why.

To find out, he looked at seismic data from slow earthquakes in B.C., Japan, Mexico, Costa Rica and New Zealand. With some help from University of California, Berkeley, researcher Roland Burgmann, he compared the frequency of the slow earthquakes with other characteristics indicating the structure and composition of the plates.

What the researchers found is that higher levels of quartz in the crust corresponded to more frequent slow earthquakes. Quartz is known to be formed when fluids in the Earth’s crust cool rapidly, so that provided clues to what could be happening.

“Oceanic crust is full of fluids,” Audet said.

Based on their evidence, the researchers came up with an explanation that seemed to fit their observations.

As the oceanic crust is pushed down into the subduction zone, it’s subjected to higher and higher temperatures and pressures. Those cause the fluids to push back up toward the surface.

But the fault between two plates acts as a seal, Audet said: “It prevents the fluids from migrating up.”

That causes the buildup of pressure until the fault slips. The fluid bursts out, cools and crystallizes into quartz.

The higher the levels of fluid circulation, the more quickly pressure builds up. The more quickly the pressure builds up, the more quickly it reaches the threshold where the fault slips, generate a slow earthquake. That in turn causes more quartz to be deposited.

Predicting the ‘big one’

The results not only provide an explanation of how slow earthquakes work, but a better understanding of faults in general. That, in turn, may help scientists predict big, violent, ordinary earthquakes in the future.

Like slow earthquakes, regular earthquakes are caused by a buildup of pressure, but solid pressure that isn’t directly due to a buildup of fluids. Nevertheless, the two are related.

“Every time there is a slow earthquake that happens, it also puts a little bit more pressure on the part of the fault that produces the regular earthquakes,” Audet said. “It puts the fault closer towards the next big earthquake.”

However, scientists don’t yet know for sure if slow earthquakes can directly lead to a “big one” because up until now, instruments that could measure the data necessary to show that haven’t been well-placed during major earthquakes.

Audet added, “We’ll have to wait for a really big earthquake again to test that.”

Source: http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/b-c-s-slow-earthquakes-fuelled-by-fluid-1.2679669

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2.4-magnitude earthquake hits outside Victoria

2.4-magnitude earthquake hits outside Victoria

An earthquake just outside of Victoria, B.C. rattled homes in the Vancouver Island city Monday afternoon.

The 2.4-magnitude quake hit 11 kilometres northeast of the capital city around 1:40 p.m., according to the Pacific Geoscience Centre.

Affected residents quickly took to Twitter to report shaking windows and floors in their homes. Others said they could hear a rumbling noise when the quake hit.

There have been no reports of injuries or damage caused by the shaking.

Source: http://bc.ctvnews.ca/2-4-magnitude-earthquake-hits-outside-victoria-1.1871607

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Watch: SFU ’50s-style earthquake video wins major award

Watch: SFU ’50s-style earthquake video wins major award

A 1950s-style, black and white, two-minute video about earthquake preparedness, starring Simon Fraser University mascot McFogg the Dog, has won a major award.

Drop, Cover and Hold On! has been awarded a 2013 Video Award in the public service announcement category by PR Daily, a communications news site.

The video was created jointly by the SFU Creative Services and Safety & Risk Services departments. The SFU video was up against submissions from the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Public Affairs, and the University of Colorado, Health, Management.

See the video here: Drop, Cover, Hold on!

© Copyright (c) The Vancouver Sun

Source: http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Watch+style+earthquake+video+wins+major+award/9911363/story.html

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The Big One – Examining the risk of an earthquake in the region

The Big One – Examining the risk of an earthquake in the region

Erin Edwards – As a longtime resident of British Columbia, I feel as though I live in one of the most beautiful places in the world. I am grateful to call the west coast my home, but its picturesque landscapes have the subtle ability to make me forget about the natural hazards that are prominent to this area.

British Columbia sits on Canada’s most active earthquake zone, making the threat of a large seismic event in our lifetime a very real possibility, and one that all British Columbians should be prepared for.

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of the tectonic plates that comprise the Earth’s surface. There are three types of plate boundaries at play along the west coast of B.C.: convergent (plates move together), divergent (plates move apart) and transform (plates slide past each other). However, the boundary that has the most potential to cause what scientists have termed “The Big One” is a convergent boundary.

“The Big One” refers to a large megathrust earthquake that scientists predict will at sometime hit the southwest coast of B.C. A megathrust earthquake occurs along a subduction zone that is found at a convergent boundary, where tectonic plates collide and one is subducted underneath the other, sinking down into the Earth’s mantle.

Subduction generally occurs when an oceanic plate, which is comparatively dense, and a continental plate collide. It is along this type of subduction zone that the largest earthquakes in the world are found, usually measuring a magnitude 9.0 or greater on the Richter Scale. An example of this event would be the 9.0 earthquake that hit Japan in 2011.

The Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) separates the Juan de Fuca plate from the North American plate, extending approximately 1,000 kilometres from Vancouver Island to California. The Juan de Fuca plate is moving towards the North American plate at a rate of two to five centimetres per year. As the plates meet, the Juan de Fuca descends below the North American, currently 45 kilometres deep beneath Victoria and 70 kilometres deep beneath Vancouver.

Tectonic plates do not slide past each other smoothly. Rather their movement is discontinuous and in many cases they lock together. There is comprehensive evidence showing that the Juan de Fuca and North American plates are currently locked, causing strain to build up within the Earth’s crust.

When the fault’s frictional strength is exceeded, these locked plates will snap loose, causing a megathrust earthquake to occur.

Although predicting an earthquake is next to impossible, scientists have gathered diverse evidence that has identified 13 megathrust events along the CSZ over the last 6,000 years, occurring anywhere from 300 to 800 years apart, with the most recent occurrence in 1700.

Although there is nothing we can do to stop or control these types of natural events from occurring, we can be prepared for them. Do you have your earthquake preparedness kit ready?

Source: http://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/whistler/the-big-one/Content?oid=2552616

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Sensors will warn of earthquakes affecting Vancouver Island

Ocean Networks Canada plans to add land sensors to its systems that could serve as an early-warning system for earthquakes affecting Vancouver Island.

The group has partnered with the University of British Columbia, which developed a land sensor that provides a warning 60 to 90 seconds before the land-shaking energy of an earthquake arrives.

“Engagement has started with coastal communities on Vancouver Island to place the land sensors, while water-based sensors will be placed near Campbell River … in Port Alberni and out into the Pacific Ocean,” says Kate Moran, president and CEO of Ocean Networks Canada.

The land sensors are cup-sized and placed in a solid, stable location with power and Internet connectivity. Offshore sensors, exposed to high pressure and salt water, are bigger and stored in circular titanium tubes with large and expensive underwater connectors on the ocean floor.

Ocean Networks Canada, operates NEPTUNE, which is an 840-kilometre telecommunications cable that hosts hundreds of sensors off the west coast of Vancouver Island. It is also in charge of VENUS ocean observatories in the Strait of Georgia and Saanich Inlet, which provide data over the Internet.

The organization plans to further develop more than 100 small-scale underwater sensors, radar and an automatic identification system that will complement observatories already in place.

Smaller versions of the VENUS observatories are planned offshore in areas that include Prince Rupert, Kitimat, the Douglas Channel near Port Metro Vancouver and Campbell River, Moran said.

Ocean Networks Canada is talking to the education ministry about the testing of the land-based seismic sensors in or near public schools.

Those talks are preliminary and there are no agreements as yet, said ONC associate director for digital infrastructure Benoit Pirenne. There is the thought it could piggyback the installation of its seismic sensors on an established education program network like that led by Green party MLA Andrew Weaver.

Weaver is the lead for the Vancouver Island school-based weather station project in which a series of small instruments installed on the schools’ rooftops provide real-time measurements, including temperature, wind speed, precipitation and atmospheric pressure.

Ocean Networks Canada is working with a seismologist to develop the algorithms to analyze the early earthquake signal in the water and calculate how much time before there is before major ground-shaking would hit Victoria or elsewhere in B.C. The only existing early-warning system of major ground-shaking in B.C. is in the George Massey Tunnel in Metro Vancouver.

Japan had publicly funded early-warning sensors in place for some public systems, which greatly lessened damage during an earthquake in 2011.

“The reason that they didn’t have very much earthquake damage was because they were able to close down valves, slow down trains. There’s a lot that can be done in mere seconds … stopping surgery, shutting off gas valves and shutting down computer systems,” Moran said.

A fibre-optic cable can deliver the information to emergency management within seconds, allowing at least another 60 to 90 seconds to “do many things,” Moran said.

“We would push this information to the important players like emergency management, but there may also be some industries that want to pull the information to, for example, automatically have valves that shut off, automatically have computers that shut down,” Moran said.

“And that’s just one part of Smart Oceans B.C.,” Moran said. “It’s earthquake [warnings], we have tsunami early warning, we have sea-state notification for ships.”

Source: http://www.timescolonist.com/sensors-will-warn-of-earthquakes-affecting-vancouver-island-1.1067344

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Global Relay Launches Private Green Data Centre

Global Relay Launches Private Green Data Centre

Last week, Coast SeismicSafe was proud to celebrate Earth Day with Global Relay as they held the grand opening for their new, privately-owned green data centre in North Vancouver – a cutting-edge facility that uses an innovative combination of green technologies to achieve maximum efficiency.

The original article detailing the completion of their milestone project continues below:

Vancouver, BC – April 22, 2014 — Global Relay celebrated Earth Day with the launch of its new private green data centre, a cutting-edge facility that uses an innovative combination of green technologies to achieve maximum efficiency. In attendance were representatives from the local press, business community, and government, including Andrew Wilkinson, Minister of Technology; John Jacobson, Deputy Minister, Technology, Innovation and Citizen Services; and MLA Naomi Yamamoto, North Vancouver – Lonsdale Riding.

Global Relay is the leading provider of cloud-based electronic message archiving, compliance, eDiscovery and supervision solutions for the global financial sector. The company designs and develops cutting-edge cloud technology that allows the largest and most heavily regulated organizations in the world to capture, archive and search some of their most sensitive data, including email, IM and mobile messaging.

Global Relay’s new data centre is a custom-built, state-of-the art facility that is entirely designed, owned, and operated by Global Relay. A $24 million capital project, it is an investment in Global Relay’s future and a demonstration of the company’s commitment to offering customers scalable, industry-leading cloud solutions with exceptional reliability and security – both now and in the future. Global Relay relied on local talent and supplies to construct the data centre, which is the first of what will be two mirrored facilities.

“We are immensely proud of this data centre,” says CEO & Founder Warren Roy. “It represents the collective efforts of more than fifteen Canadian and American engineering firms. Although immensely challenging, the $24 million, three-year engineering and construction project has far exceeded our expectations.”

Global Relay’s data centre was designed to reduce the company’s carbon footprint to zero using a number of green technologies. Evaporative cooling eliminates mechanical air conditioning, typically the largest consumer of power in a data centre. Evaporative cooling uses water – not electricity – to cool the servers. Outside air is run through “water blankets” to boost the humidity and drop the temperature. The facility also uses hydroelectric power and flywheel UPS (uninterruptable power supply). By using flywheel UPS (660lb steel donuts spinning at high speed that store electricity as kinetic energy), Global Relay has eliminated the toxic, failure-prone lead-acid battery UPS systems used in most data centres.

The data centre demonstrates Global Relay’s commitment to innovation and sustainability and is an integral part of Global Relay’s strategy to disrupt traditional thinking about how to manage big data in the cloud.

Source: http://www.globalrelay.com/about-us/news/Global-Relay-Launches-Private-Green-Data-Centre

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Seismologist says ‘The Big One’ would be 200 times worse

Seismologist says ‘The Big One’ would be 200 times worse

A 6.6-magnitude earthquake that shook much of southwestern B.C. should be a reminder that British Columbians live in a very active quake region and should be ready for when “The Big One” hits, according to a prominent seismologist.

John Cassidy with the University of Victoria said hundreds of aftershocks were reported after Wednesday night’s quake, which hit on the Nootka fault zone off the west coast of Vancouver Island. The largest aftershocks had magnitudes of 4.2 and 5.

Aftershocks were felt from one end of Vancouver Island to the other and parts of Metro Vancouver and the Fraser Valley. There were reports that aftershocks were felt as far as Kelowna and Penticton in the province’s Interior.

“We’ve been seeing non-stop aftershocks. We’ve recorded literally hundreds of aftershocks, all very tiny except for the initial two or three,” the expert told CTV Morning Live.
Most of the aftershocks are in the 2-magnitude range, much smaller than the initial shaker that caused buildings and light fixtures to sway across the province.

Cassidy says the shaking from last night’s seismic activity pales in comparison to what will happen if the long predicted “Big One” hits B.C.

“You’d have to take the shaking by about 200 times to get to the realty big one, the magnitude 9 earthquakes, that we know have occurred off of our coast,” he said.

Woefully underprepared

Last month, B.C. Auditor General Russ Jones said the province appears to be woefully underprepared for a major seismic event.

Jones said that the province’s emergency management organization is “not adequately prepared for a catastrophic earthquake.”

His report also found the province and EMBC haven’t made earthquake preparedness a priority since the last audit was released in 1997.

In response, the province said in coming months it will launch an awareness campaign geared toward getting B.C. residents to properly prepare for a seismic event.

B.C. forms part of the North American portion of what is called the Pacific “Ring of Fire,” a 40,000 km horseshoe of ocean trenches and volcanoes where 90 per cent of the world’s earthquakes take place.

According to Natural Resources Canada, the Geological Survey of Canada records more than 1,000 earthquakes in western Canada each year. More than 100 magnitude 5 or greater earthquakes have been recorded in the ocean west of Vancouver Island in the past 70 years.

How to get ready

The City of Vancouver is treating the event as a gentle nudge for people to have an emergency kit for their home or office.

The mayor’s office says people should have an emergency plan in place and also be prepared to survive for several days without food, water or shelter.

The city offers free workshops to learn how to prepare for earthquakes and other emergencies.

Cassidy says the B.C. government is doing a good job seismically readying schools in case of a major event, and all the work done ahead of time will be well worth it.

“When a very large earthquake hits this region, all of the preparedness that we’re doing, all of the work on bridges, the science, the engineering, that will all pay off when the really bigger earthquakes hit in this region because we’ll be better prepared,” Cassidy said.

Two-thirds of Canadians recently polled in a Red Cross survey said they haven’t taken any steps to prepare for a disaster, like an earthquake, flood or tsunami, primarily because they don’t think it’s going to happen – or they simply haven’t thought about it.

The agency rolled out a new disaster preparedness calculator application last year that tests how ready you are for an emergency.

The Facebook app lets users drag and drop the items they already have at home into a theoretical emergency kit. It then calculates how ready you are according to how many adults, children and pets are in your home.

The calculator will then generate a shopping list of items you need to build your own home kit, things like flashlights, batteries, water bottles, candles and waterproof matches. The list can also be downloaded to make shopping easier.

During an earthquake, those inside are advised to drop under any heavy furniture and cover your head to prevent being hit by any falling objects. If you can’t get under something strong, flatten yourself or crouch against an interior wall.

Public Safety Canada says to avoid the following during an earthquake: doorways, windows and tall furniture, elevators and downed power lines. It also advises to stay away from coastlines, in case the earthquake triggers a large ocean wave or tsunami.

Source: http://bc.ctvnews.ca/seismologist-says-the-big-one-would-be-200-times-worse-1.1790585

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